For example if group A red cells are infused into a recipient who is group O, the recipient's anti-A antibodies bind to the transfused cells.
There are more than 40 different kinds of Rh antigens. The most significant Rh antigen is RhD. When RhD is present on the red cell surface, the red cells are called RhD positive. Antibodies to RhD develop only after an individual is exposed to RhD antigens via transfusion, pregnancy or organ transplantation. Anti RhD or anti-D antibodies destroy RhD positive red cells and can lead to haemolytic transfusion reactions. This is of particular importance in pregnancy where anti-D antibodies can cross the placenta from mother to unborn child and lead to haemolytic disease of the newborn.
As a general rule, RhD negative individuals should not be transfused with RhD positive red cells, especially RhD negative girls and women of childbearing age. If transfusion of an RhD positive product to RhD negative recipient is unavoidable a haematologist should be consulted and administration of anti-D immunoglobulin considered. When a transfusion is given, it is preferable for patients to receive blood and plasma of the same ABO and RhD group.
However if the required blood type is unavailable, a patient may be given a product of an alternative but compatible group as shown below. Blood Compatibility. This could result in miscarriage or stillbirth. If the baby is born alive, they may have jaundice and anaemia.
To help prevent this, Rh negative mothers in Australia receive an injection of Anti-D immunoglobulin during pregnancy including their first pregnancy , or shortly after birth, which helps stop their immune system from making anti-D antibodies. The importance of getting the right blood. Why are some blood types incompatible with others? When someone has type A blood with type A antigens , their plasma has type B antibodies and vice versa.
Therefore, a reaction occurs when the antigens on the red blood cells of the donor blood react with the antibodies in the recipient's plasma. For example, if a unit of blood type A which contains A antigens is transfused into someone with type B they have anti-type A antibodies in their blood , a transfusion reaction will occur.
When a transfusion reaction does occur, an antibody attaches to antigens on several red blood cells. This causes the red blood cells to clump together and plug up blood vessels. Then the cells are destroyed by the body a process called hemolysis , releasing hemoglobin from the red blood cells into the blood.
Hemoglobin is then broken down into bilirubin, which can cause jaundice. If an emergency blood transfusion is needed and the recipient's blood type is not known, anyone can receive type O- blood.
CHDF may be a useful adjunct to stabilize hemodynamics during incompatible blood transfusion, as it helped to avoid volume overload. CHDF enabled the patient to be transfused 7.
This large blood transfusion amount was similar to the whole blood exchange transfusion, which may thus be effective in incompatible blood transfusion. In conclusion, we described a case of incompatible blood transfusion successfully treated with plasma exchange therapy and CHDF. This article does not contain any studies on human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. CEN Case Rep. Published online Jan Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Akio Namikawa, Email: moc. Corresponding author. Received Jul 17; Accepted Jan This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract ABO-incompatible blood transfusion is potentially a life-threatening event.
Keywords: Incompatible blood transfusion, Acute hemolytic reaction, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Acute kidney injury, Plasma exchange therapy, Continuous hemodiafiltration.
Introduction ABO-incompatible blood transfusion often causes acute hemolytic reaction followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC and acute kidney injury AKI. Case presentation A year-old man was admitted to hospital for the treatment of ascending colon cancer. Table 1 Laboratory findings on admission.
Urinalysis Full blood count Biochemistry Specific gravity 1. Open in a separate window. Table 2 Reports on incompatible blood transfusion. Compliance with ethical standards Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. Informed consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. References 1. Am J Clin Pathol. Transfusion errors in New York state: an analysis of 10 years. Wiley: Blackwell; Systemic release of neutrophil elastase and tumour necrosis factor alpha following ABO incompatible blood transfusion.
Br J Haematol. White cell-associated procoagulant activity induced by ABO incompatibility. Heme is a potent inducer of inflammation in mice and is counteracted by heme oxygenase.
Interleukin-8 production in red blood cell incompatibility. Red cell ABO incompatibility and production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
0コメント