Endometrial cancer begins in the layer of cells that form the lining endometrium of the uterus. Endometrial cancer is sometimes called uterine cancer. Other types of cancer can form in the uterus, including uterine sarcoma, but they are much less common than endometrial cancer.
Endometrial cancer is often detected at an early stage because it frequently produces abnormal vaginal bleeding. If endometrial cancer is discovered early, removing the uterus surgically often cures endometrial cancer.
Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. Doctors don't know what causes endometrial cancer. What's known is that something occurs to create changes mutations in the DNA of cells in the endometrium — the lining of the uterus. The mutation turns normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells. Healthy cells grow and multiply at a set rate, eventually dying at a set time. Abnormal cells grow and multiply out of control, and they don't die at a set time.
The accumulating abnormal cells form a mass tumor. Cancer cells invade nearby tissues and can separate from an initial tumor to spread elsewhere in the body metastasize. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina vaginal canal make up the female reproductive system. Changes in the balance of female hormones in the body. The ovaries make two main female hormones — estrogen and progesterone. Fluctuations in the balance of these hormones cause changes in the endometrium.
A disease or condition that increases the amount of estrogen, but not the level of progesterone, in your body can increase your risk of endometrial cancer. Evaluating an Abnormal Pap Test. LSIL is very common, almost always indicates an HPV infection and usually goes away on its own without treatment but may also indicate mild pre-cancerous changes HSIL indicates more serious changes.
Infections — Sometimes the pathologist reviewing the Pap test will see bacteria, yeast or other signs of infection. Questions about abnormal Pap test results? Our Locations. Connect With Us. Most subjects had originally been evaluated for abnormal vaginal bleeding. Forty women with endometrial carcinoma had abnormal endometrial cells on their Pap smears, but none of the women with benign diagnoses had such cells. Unless endometrial cells are atypical or cancerous, their presence on a Pap smear does not necessitate further testing.
Clinicians should tell patients with normal endometrial cells on their Pap smears that this is a normal finding. Gomez-Fernandez CR et al. Normal endometrial cells in Papanicolaou smears: Prevalence in women with and without endometrial disease.
Obstet Gynecol Dec 96
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